{"id":57629,"date":"2025-03-20T14:56:13","date_gmt":"2025-03-20T14:56:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.pantheregroup.com\/2025\/03\/20\/front-lines-of-the-trade-war-whats-exempt-whats-to-come\/"},"modified":"2025-03-20T14:56:13","modified_gmt":"2025-03-20T14:56:13","slug":"front-lines-of-the-trade-war-whats-exempt-whats-to-come","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.pantheregroup.com\/2025\/03\/20\/front-lines-of-the-trade-war-whats-exempt-whats-to-come\/","title":{"rendered":"Front lines of the trade war: what\u2019s exempt, what\u2019s to come"},"content":{"rendered":"<div style=\"text-align:center\"><\/div><p> \n<\/p>\n<div id=\"\">\n<header aria-label=\"Beginning of Article\" class=\"article-header article-header--story\">\n<nav aria-label=\"Breadcrumb\" class=\"breadcrumbs\" data-aqa=\"nav-breadcrumb\">\n<p>Breadcrumb Trail Links<\/p>\n<ol class=\"breadcrumbs__items list-unstyled\">\n<li class=\"breadcrumbs__item\">News<\/li>\n<li class=\"breadcrumbs__item\">Economy<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/nav>\n<div class=\"article-header__detail\">\n<div class=\"article-header__detail__texts\">\n<p class=\"article-subtitle\">Given the heightened rhetoric, it seems possible that more fundamental changes to CUSMA could be coming sooner<\/p>\n<div class=\"article-meta\">\n<p><span class=\"published-date__since\">Published Mar 20, 2025<\/span> \u00a0\u2022\u00a0 <span class=\"updated-date__since\">Last updated 1\u00a0hour ago<\/span> \u00a0\u2022\u00a0 <span class=\"published-date__word-count\">6 minute read<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"article-meta__bottom\">\n<div class=\"bookmark-wrapper\">\n<div class=\"popover\" data-aqa=\"popover\" data-click-to-appear=\"True\" data-container=\"\" data-container-offset=\"\" data-no-style=\"\" data-popover-component=\"\" data-position=\"top\" data-sticky=\"\" data-tail-offset=\"200\" data-tail-position=\"right\"><button class=\"popover__trigger bookmark-button\"><span class=\"save-article-button save-article-button--default\" title=\"Save article\" data-article-id=\"978153f2-b788-486c-af6d-89e06d63c96c\" data-evt-skip-click=\"true\"\/><\/button><\/p>\n<div aria-describedby=\"popover-desc-popover-bookmark\" class=\"popover__content\" hidden=\"\" role=\"dialog\">\n<div class=\"popover__content__wrapper\">\n<div class=\"popover__content__text\" id=\"popover-desc-popover-bookmark\">\n<div class=\"bookmark__popover__content\">\n<p>You can save this article by registering for free here. Or sign-in if you have an account.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><button class=\"popover__content__close\" data-evt-skip-click=\"true\" title=\"Close\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" viewbox=\"0 0 12 12\" class=\"icon--close\" height=\"12\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"12\"><polygon points=\"12 0.95 11.05 0 6 5.05 0.95 0 0 0.95 5.05 6 0 11.05 0.95 12 6 6.95 11.05 12 12 11.05 6.95 6\"\/><\/svg><\/button><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<figure class=\"featured-image\" data-aqa=\"featured-image\"><picture class=\"featured-image__ratio\"><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/picture><figcaption class=\"featured-image__caption image-caption\"><span class=\"caption\">Estimates from the White House suggest that only 38 per cent of imports from Canada received CUSMA preference last year, while another 57 per cent of Canadian exports are not under CUSMA but could be.<\/span> <span class=\"credit\">Photo by Rob Gurdebeke\/The Canadian Press\/Postmedia files<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/header>\n<section class=\"article-content__content-group article-content__content-group--story\">\n<h2 class=\"visually-hidden\">Article content<\/h2>\n<p><em><span class=\"TextRun SCXW83147716 BCX0\" data-contrast=\"auto\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW83147716 BCX0\">Tariff threats have been lobbed back and forth across the border ever since <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW83147716 BCX0\">United States President Donald Trump issued his first <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW83147716 BCX0\">executive order under the Emergency Economic Powers Act in February. Here, the Financial Post answers some <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW83147716 BCX0\">common questions<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW83147716 BCX0\"> about the escalating trade war.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"EOP SCXW83147716 BCX0\" data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"article-content__content-group article-content__content-group--story\">\n<p>Article content<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"article-content__content-group article-content__content-group--story\">\n<p>Article content<\/p>\n<h2>Trump delayed tariffs on certain goods until April 2. But what qualifies?<\/h2>\n<\/section>\n<div class=\"ad__section-border article-content__ad-group ad_counter_2\">\n<section aria-describedby=\"advertisment9805822155511749993441746212618240\" class=\"ad\">\n<p>Advertisement 2<\/p>\n<div class=\"ad__container\">\n<div class=\"ad__inner\" id=\"ad__inner-2\">\n<div class=\"ad__inner__container\" data-ad=\"[[6,6],[1200,250],[1200,90],[970,90],[970,250],[728,90],[300,250]]\" data-ad-interscroller=\"6x6\" data-ad-loc=\"2\" data-ad-mobile=\"[[6,6],[320,50],[300,50],[300,250],[300,600]]\" data-aqa=\"advertisement\" id=\"ad-2\" style=\"--desktopHeight:250px;--mobileHeight:600px\">\n<div aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"ad__placeholder\">\n<p>This advertisement has not loaded yet, but your article continues below.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"article-block article-block-bg article-content__sign-in-group hidden\" data-aqa=\"identity-sign-in\" data-async=\"\" id=\"article-block\">\n<section class=\"row\">\n<header class=\"identity-intro col-xs-12 col-md-6 flex-justify-center\">\n<div class=\"col-xs-12 col-sm-10 col-md-10\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/ywAAAAAAQABAAACAUwAOw==\" fifu-lazy=\"1\" fifu-data-sizes=\"auto\" fifu-data-srcset=\"https:\/\/dcs-static.gprod.postmedia.digital\/18.2.2\/websites\/images\/identity\/logo-identity-fp.svg 75w, https:\/\/dcs-static.gprod.postmedia.digital\/18.2.2\/websites\/images\/identity\/logo-identity-fp.svg 100w, https:\/\/dcs-static.gprod.postmedia.digital\/18.2.2\/websites\/images\/identity\/logo-identity-fp.svg 150w, https:\/\/dcs-static.gprod.postmedia.digital\/18.2.2\/websites\/images\/identity\/logo-identity-fp.svg 240w, https:\/\/dcs-static.gprod.postmedia.digital\/18.2.2\/websites\/images\/identity\/logo-identity-fp.svg 320w, https:\/\/dcs-static.gprod.postmedia.digital\/18.2.2\/websites\/images\/identity\/logo-identity-fp.svg 500w, 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leading global business publication.<\/li>\n<li>Unlimited online access to read articles from Financial Post, National Post and 15 news sites across Canada with one account.<\/li>\n<li>National Post ePaper, an electronic replica of the print edition to view on any device, share and comment on.<\/li>\n<li>Daily puzzles, including the New York Times Crossword.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"intro-body__anonymous\">\n<p>REGISTER \/ SIGN IN TO UNLOCK MORE ARTICLES<\/p>\n<p class=\"identity-intro__description\">Create an account or sign in to continue with your reading experience.<\/p>\n<ul class=\"list-unstyled list-checkmark\">\n<li>Access articles from across Canada with one account.<\/li>\n<li>Share your thoughts and join the conversation in the comments.<\/li>\n<li>Enjoy additional articles per month.<\/li>\n<li>Get email updates from your favourite authors.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"intro-body__registration_only hidden\">\n<p>THIS ARTICLE IS FREE TO READ REGISTER TO UNLOCK.<\/p>\n<p class=\"identity-intro__description\">Create an account or sign in to continue with your reading experience.<\/p>\n<ul class=\"list-unstyled list-checkmark\">\n<li>Access articles from across Canada with one account<\/li>\n<li>Share your thoughts and join the conversation in the comments<\/li>\n<li>Enjoy additional articles per month<\/li>\n<li>Get email updates from your favourite authors<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"identity-screen m-x-0 p-x-0 col-xs-12 col-md-6 flex-justify-center flex-align-center\" aria-live=\"assertive\">\n<section class=\"sail\" data-account-id=\"b9d3df2fccd108b5eff3c44f573b2cd6\" data-sailthru-personalization-engine=\"\" data-sailthru-personalization-engine-component=\"\"\/>\n<div class=\"m-x-0 p-x-0 col-xs-12 col-sm-6 col-md-12 flex-align-justify-center\" data-auth-component=\"\" id=\"auth-screen-form\">\n<div class=\"identity-screen-form--active w-full flex-align-justify-center\">\n<div class=\"identity-screen-form identity-screen__content w-full\">\n<h2 class=\"blocker-title\">Sign In or Create an Account<\/h2>\n<p><span class=\"identity-divider__line\"\/><span class=\"identity-divider__text\">or<\/span><span class=\"identity-divider__line\"\/><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<footer class=\"identity-footer identity-screen__content m-x-0 p-x-0 col-sm-6 col-md-12\"\/><\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<section class=\"article-content__content-group article-content__content-group--story\">\n<p>Article content<\/p>\n<p data-async=\"\">On March 6, the U.S. delayed tariffs on goods that \u201cclaim and qualify\u201d for preference under the Canada-United States-Mexico Agreement (CUSMA), the free trade agreement signed in 2018 that allows certain products to move tariff-free between the three countries.<\/p>\n<p data-async=\"\"><span class=\"TextRun SCXW118454827 BCX0\" data-contrast=\"auto\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW118454827 BCX0\">A product qualifies for CUSMA preference if it<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW118454827 BCX0\"> is obtained or produced in the U.S., Canada or Mexico. For manufactured goods, <\/span><\/span>a certain percentage of the product\u2019s value must be sourced or produced within one of the three countries. It\u2019s up to the importer, exporter or producer of the good to calculate its regional value content, the threshold for which varies depending on the specific product and calculation method.<\/p>\n<p>To claim preferential tariff treatment, the importer, exporter or producer of the good must fill out a \u201ccertification of origin\u201d that validates the shipment as an \u201coriginating good.\u201d There is no prescribed format, but it does need to include data such as a description of the product and a tariff classification number.<\/p>\n<p>The March 6 decision means that products that don\u2019t qualify for CUSMA preference are subject to a 25 per cent tariff, while non-CUSMA energy products and non-CUSMA potash are tariffed at a rate of 10 per cent.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<div class=\"ad__section-border article-content__ad-group ad_counter_3\">\n<section aria-describedby=\"advertisment5541326975572619433079668438204416\" class=\"ad\">\n<p>Advertisement 3<\/p>\n<div class=\"ad__container\">\n<div class=\"ad__inner\" id=\"ad__inner-3\">\n<div class=\"ad__inner__container\" data-ad=\"[[7,7],[1200,250],[1200,90],[970,90],[970,250],[728,90],[300,250]]\" data-ad-interscroller=\"7x7\" data-ad-loc=\"3\" data-ad-mobile=\"[[7,7],[300,250],[320,50],[300,50]]\" data-aqa=\"advertisement\" id=\"ad-3\" style=\"--desktopHeight:250px;--mobileHeight:250px\">\n<div aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"ad__placeholder\">\n<p>This advertisement has not loaded yet, but your article continues below.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<section class=\"article-content__content-group article-content__content-group--story\">\n<p>Article content<\/p>\n<h2><strong>Why don\u2019t all exporters take advantage of CUSMA?<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p data-async=\"\">Estimates from the White House suggest that only 38 per cent of imports from Canada received CUSMA preference last year, something an RBC Economics report attributed to the fact that \u201cother general non-CUSMA tariff rates were already zero.\u201d Another 57 per cent of Canadian exports are not under CUSMA but could be, according to the report.<\/p>\n<p>Some Canadian exporters may choose not to seek preferential CUSMA treatment because the process involves extra administrative work and documentation and it\u2019s easier to qualify for low- or zero-tariff rates under the World Trade Organization\u2019s (WTO) \u201cmost favoured nation\u201d (MFN) rule, which requires WTO member countries to charge all trading partners the same tariff rate for goods and services.<\/p>\n<p>\u201dIf you\u2019re a Canadian company exporting to the U.S. (and your good qualifies for a zero per cent MFN tariff), you may not bother going through the hassle of certifying CUSMA origin,\u201d said Matthew Kronby, a partner at the law firm Osler, Hoskin &amp; Harcourt LLP who specializes in competition, trade and foreign investment. \u201dBut for other goods where there is a meaningful tariff rate, you probably would.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<div class=\"js-widget-content article-content__widget-group article-content__widget-group--content-slot23 article-content__widget-group--newsletter-slot\">\n<section class=\"newsletter-widget__new-story-page fp-headlinenews background--primary-light-gradient\" aria-labelledby=\"FinancialPostTopStories8982439661753974484764305412587520\" data-account-id=\"b9d3df2fccd108b5eff3c44f573b2cd6\" data-aqa=\"widget-newsletter\" data-newsletter=\"single\" data-newsletter-component=\"\" data-target-list=\"FP_HeadlineNews\" data-widget=\"newsletter\">\n<div class=\"newsletter-new-story-page-template\">\n<div class=\"newsletter-widget__header__new-story-page\">\n<div class=\"newsletter-widget__banner__new-story-page\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/ywAAAAAAQABAAACAUwAOw==\" fifu-lazy=\"1\" fifu-data-sizes=\"auto\" fifu-data-srcset=\"https:\/\/dcs-static.gprod.postmedia.digital\/18.2.2\/websites\/images\/newsletters\/icon-fp-topStories.svg 75w, https:\/\/dcs-static.gprod.postmedia.digital\/18.2.2\/websites\/images\/newsletters\/icon-fp-topStories.svg 100w, https:\/\/dcs-static.gprod.postmedia.digital\/18.2.2\/websites\/images\/newsletters\/icon-fp-topStories.svg 150w, https:\/\/dcs-static.gprod.postmedia.digital\/18.2.2\/websites\/images\/newsletters\/icon-fp-topStories.svg 240w, https:\/\/dcs-static.gprod.postmedia.digital\/18.2.2\/websites\/images\/newsletters\/icon-fp-topStories.svg 320w, https:\/\/dcs-static.gprod.postmedia.digital\/18.2.2\/websites\/images\/newsletters\/icon-fp-topStories.svg 500w, https:\/\/dcs-static.gprod.postmedia.digital\/18.2.2\/websites\/images\/newsletters\/icon-fp-topStories.svg 640w, https:\/\/dcs-static.gprod.postmedia.digital\/18.2.2\/websites\/images\/newsletters\/icon-fp-topStories.svg 800w, https:\/\/dcs-static.gprod.postmedia.digital\/18.2.2\/websites\/images\/newsletters\/icon-fp-topStories.svg 1024w, https:\/\/dcs-static.gprod.postmedia.digital\/18.2.2\/websites\/images\/newsletters\/icon-fp-topStories.svg 1280w, https:\/\/dcs-static.gprod.postmedia.digital\/18.2.2\/websites\/images\/newsletters\/icon-fp-topStories.svg 1600w\" alt=\"Top Stories\" loading=\"lazy\" fifu-data-src=\"https:\/\/dcs-static.gprod.postmedia.digital\/18.2.2\/websites\/images\/newsletters\/icon-fp-topStories.svg\"\/><\/div>\n<div>\n<p>Top Stories<\/p>\n<p class=\"newsletter-widget__text__new-story-page\">Get the latest headlines, breaking news and columns.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"newsletter-widget__body__new-story-page\">\n<div class=\"js-replace-main__new-story-page\">\n<p class=\"newsletter-widget__disclaimer__new-story-page text-size--tiny\">By signing up you consent to receive the above newsletter from Postmedia Network Inc.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"js-submit-success\" hidden=\"\" id=\"submitSuccessFP_HeadlineNews\">\n<p>Thanks for signing up!<\/p>\n<p class=\"newsletter-widget__text__new-story-page\">A welcome email is on its way. If you don&#8217;t see it, please check your junk folder.<\/p>\n<p class=\"newsletter-widget__text__new-story-page newsletter__feedback--last\">The next issue of Top Stories will soon be in your inbox.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"newsletter-widget__text__new-story-page js-submit-error\" style=\"margin-top: 8px\" hidden=\"\" id=\"submitErrorFP_HeadlineNews\">We encountered an issue signing you up. Please try again<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<section class=\"article-content__content-group article-content__content-group--story\">\n<p>Article content<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<div class=\"ad__section-border article-content__ad-group ad_counter_4\">\n<section aria-describedby=\"advertisment181412535945897341288235701108736\" class=\"ad\">\n<p>Advertisement 4<\/p>\n<div class=\"ad__container\">\n<div class=\"ad__inner\" id=\"ad__inner-4\">\n<div class=\"ad__inner__container\" data-ad=\"[[1200,250],[1200,90],[970,90],[970,250],[728,90],[300,250]]\" data-ad-loc=\"4\" data-ad-mobile=\"[[320,50],[300,50],[300,250]]\" data-aqa=\"advertisement\" id=\"ad-4\" style=\"--desktopHeight:250px;--mobileHeight:250px\">\n<div aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"ad__placeholder\">\n<p>This advertisement has not loaded yet, but your article continues below.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<section class=\"article-content__content-group article-content__content-group--story\">\n<p>Article content<\/p>\n<p data-async=\"\">CUSMA\u2019s rules of origin requirements can be \u201ctechnical and complex,\u201d according to Export Development Canada, <span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW33422566 BCX0\">and claiming CUSMA preference can be complicated for products <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW33422566 BCX0\">that <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW33422566 BCX0\">contain<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW33422566 BCX0\"> several different elements. <\/span>Companies may need to shell out extra money to receive guidance from a trade lawyer or compliance firm or hire a licensed customs brokerage to handle the paperwork.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cIf it\u2019s a large, sophisticated company, they can undertake it in-house,\u201d said Kronby. \u201cBut many companies are going to look to the assistance of custom brokers and or trade lawyers, depending on the degree of complexity that we\u2019re talking about.\u201d<\/p>\n<h2>Do energy and potash qualify for CUSMA preference?<\/h2>\n<p>A good is considered originating if it is \u201cwholly obtained or produced entirely in the territory of one or more of\u201d Canada, Mexico or the U.S. For example, \u201ca mineral good or other naturally occurring substance extracted or taken from there.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Canadian potash exports \u201care considered CUSMA-compliant goods and are not currently subject to tariffs,\u201d according to a statement from the Saskatchewan Mining Association, which represents the province\u2019s mining and mineral exploration industry. Over 80 per cent of potash used by American farmers is produced in Saskatchewan.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<div class=\"ad__section-border article-content__ad-group ad_counter_5\">\n<section aria-describedby=\"advertisment5744465604930588284970614103474176\" class=\"ad\">\n<p>Advertisement 5<\/p>\n<div class=\"ad__container\">\n<div class=\"ad__inner\" id=\"ad__inner-5\">\n<div class=\"ad__inner__container\" data-ad=\"[[1200,250],[1200,90],[970,90],[970,250],[728,90],[300,250]]\" data-ad-loc=\"5\" data-ad-mobile=\"[[320,50],[300,50],[300,250]]\" data-aqa=\"advertisement\" id=\"ad-5\" style=\"--desktopHeight:250px;--mobileHeight:250px\">\n<div aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"ad__placeholder\">\n<p>This advertisement has not loaded yet, but your article continues below.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<section class=\"article-content__content-group article-content__content-group--story\">\n<p>Article content<\/p>\n<p>CUSMA also includes special provisions for energy. For example, crude oil is often mixed with diluent, \u201ca petroleum-based liquid that is added to crude oil to ensure that it flows properly through pipelines,\u201d according to CUSMA\u2019s energy provisions summary. CUSMA includes a rule of origin amendment that allows \u201cup to 40 per cent of non-originating diluent in pipelines when moving crude oil, a longstanding Canadian industry request.\u201d<\/p>\n<h2>What retaliatory measures has Canada implemented?<\/h2>\n<p>On March 4, the federal government announced its plan to apply retaliatory tariffs on a total of $155 billion in U.S. goods.<\/p>\n<p>The first phase introduced on March 4 includes 25 per cent tariffs on $30 billion worth of U.S. goods. The long list of items includes orange juice, peanut butter, wine, spirits, beer, coffee, appliances, apparel, footwear, motorcycles, cosmetics and some pulp and paper products.<\/p>\n<p>On March 13, the Canadian government followed up with a second round of \u201cdollar-for-dollar\u201d tariffs on an additional $29.8 billion worth of U.S. goods, including steel, aluminum, computers, sports equipment and cast-iron products.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<div class=\"ad__section-border article-content__ad-group ad_counter_6\">\n<section aria-describedby=\"advertisment6732955428755549279018258918277120\" class=\"ad\">\n<p>Advertisement 6<\/p>\n<div class=\"ad__container\">\n<div class=\"ad__inner\" id=\"ad__inner-6\">\n<div class=\"ad__inner__container\" data-ad=\"[[1200,250],[1200,90],[970,90],[970,250],[728,90],[300,250]]\" data-ad-loc=\"6\" data-ad-mobile=\"[[320,50],[300,50],[300,250]]\" data-aqa=\"advertisement\" id=\"ad-6\" style=\"--desktopHeight:250px;--mobileHeight:250px\">\n<div aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"ad__placeholder\">\n<p>This advertisement has not loaded yet, but your article continues below.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<section class=\"article-content__content-group article-content__content-group--story\">\n<p>Article content<\/p>\n<p>Prime Minister Mark Carney has pledged to keep Canada\u2019s retaliatory tariffs in place.<\/p>\n<p>So far, Ontario is the only province to issue \u2014 and later suspend \u2014 its own retaliatory charges. On March 10, Ontario Premier Doug Ford implemented a 25 per cent surcharge on electricity exports to New York, Minnesota and Michigan, but withdrew it one day later after speaking with U.S. Commerce Secretary Howard Lutnick.<\/p>\n<h2>Why is China imposing tariffs?<\/h2>\n<p data-async=\"\">China\u2019s retaliatory 100 per cent tariffs on Canadian canola oil and canola products and 25 per cent tariffs on pork and seafood are push-back against Canada for imposing a 100 per cent levy on Chinese electric vehicles and a 25 per cent levy on steel and aluminum last October.<\/p>\n<p>Canada\u2019s move followed decisions by the U.S. and European Union to impose tariffs on Chinese-made EVs and other products. The Canadian government said China\u2019s EV sector benefits from \u201cunfair competition\u201d because it receives \u201cextensive state subsidies\u201d to promote sales and growth, undermining Canada\u2019s long-term economic prosperity.<\/p>\n<p>In response to Canada\u2019s tariffs, China announced an anti-dumping investigation into Canadian canola seed. The investigation is ongoing. The Canola Council of Canada says China is a \u201chighly valued market\u201d and the second-largest export destination for Canadian canola oil and canola products, with exports totalling nearly $5 billion in 2024.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<div class=\"ad__section-border article-content__ad-group ad_counter_7\">\n<section aria-describedby=\"advertisment4422532402215075791402259825295360\" class=\"ad\">\n<p>Advertisement 7<\/p>\n<div class=\"ad__container\">\n<div class=\"ad__inner\" id=\"ad__inner-7\">\n<div class=\"ad__inner__container\" data-ad=\"[[1200,250],[1200,90],[970,90],[970,250],[728,90],[300,250]]\" data-ad-loc=\"7\" data-ad-mobile=\"[[320,50],[300,50],[300,250]]\" data-aqa=\"advertisement\" id=\"ad-7\" style=\"--desktopHeight:250px;--mobileHeight:250px\">\n<div aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"ad__placeholder\">\n<p>This advertisement has not loaded yet, but your article continues below.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<section class=\"article-content__content-group article-content__content-group--story\">\n<p>Article content<\/p>\n<h2>Why is Trump targeting the auto sector?<\/h2>\n<p>The president has been clear about his goal: to repatriate all auto manufacturing back to the U.S. After Ontario briefly imposed its electricity surcharge on March 10, Trump threatened on social media to \u201csubstantially increase\u201d the auto tariffs planned to come into effect on April 2, which he claimed would \u201cpermanently shut down the automobile manufacturing business in Canada.\u201d<\/p>\n<p data-async=\"\">As the Windsor Star reported, reshoring the American auto industry and rebuilding supply chains in the U.S. would take years and tens of billions of dollars, stretching long after Trump\u2019s presidency. About 20 per cent of parts used in U.S. auto manufacturing come from Canada and the U.S. doesn\u2019t have enough workers to replace their Canadian counterparts. That may slow his ambition to repatriate jobs, but he can still do plenty of damage to Canada\u2019s auto sector in the process \u2014 some have predicted the industry could shut down within days if 25 per cent tariffs are implemented.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>When is CUSMA being renegotiated?\u00a0<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">CUSMA expires on June 30, 2036. The agreement\u2019s first joint review is scheduled for 2026 and gives Canada, Mexico and the U.S. the opportunity to submit revisions and indicate if they want to renew the agreement in 2036. <\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<div class=\"ad__section-border article-content__ad-group ad_counter_8\">\n<section aria-describedby=\"advertisment7478529242949610501881161028993024\" class=\"ad\">\n<p>Advertisement 8<\/p>\n<div class=\"ad__container\">\n<div class=\"ad__inner\" id=\"ad__inner-8\">\n<div class=\"ad__inner__container\" data-ad=\"[[1200,250],[1200,90],[970,90],[970,250],[728,90],[300,250]]\" data-ad-loc=\"8\" data-ad-mobile=\"[[320,50],[300,50],[300,250]]\" data-aqa=\"advertisement\" id=\"ad-8\" style=\"--desktopHeight:250px;--mobileHeight:250px\">\n<div aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"ad__placeholder\">\n<p>This advertisement has not loaded yet, but your article continues below.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<section class=\"article-content__content-group article-content__content-group--story\">\n<p>Article content<\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Even before his re-election, Trump didn\u2019t mince words about wanting to renegotiate CUSMA.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u201cUpon taking office, I will formally notify Mexico and Canada of my intention to invoke the six-year renegotiation provisions of the USMCA that I put in,\u201d Trump said in remarks at the Detroit Economic Club in October.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<section aria-labelledby=\"moreTopicLabel5171141667802190278587029150236672\" class=\"more-topic\" data-aqa=\"embed-more-topic\" data-carousel-component=\"\" data-carousel-icon-button=\"\" data-carousel-type=\"list\">\n<p>Recommended from Editorial<\/p>\n<p><button aria-hidden=\"true\" 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https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/smartcdn.gprod.postmedia.digital\/financialpost\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/no0319trump.jpg?h=96&strip=all&quality=5&sig=j6UgzLy_HlaqF1idK5Ogsw&ssl=1&w=1280&resize=1280&ssl=1 1280w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/smartcdn.gprod.postmedia.digital\/financialpost\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/no0319trump.jpg?h=96&strip=all&quality=5&sig=j6UgzLy_HlaqF1idK5Ogsw&ssl=1&w=1600&resize=1600&ssl=1 1600w\" alt=\"U.S. President Donald Trump attends inauguration ceremonies in the Rotunda of the U.S. Capitol on Jan. 20 in Washington, D.C. \" data-src=\"https:\/\/smartcdn.gprod.postmedia.digital\/financialpost\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/no0319trump.jpg?h=96&strip=all&quality=80&sig=-kPmH3Dyl80NxHpJpNngbA\" fifu-data-src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/smartcdn.gprod.postmedia.digital\/financialpost\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/no0319trump.jpg?h=96&strip=all&quality=5&sig=j6UgzLy_HlaqF1idK5Ogsw&ssl=1\" srcset=\"https:\/\/smartcdn.gprod.postmedia.digital\/financialpost\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/no0319trump.jpg?h=96&strip=all&quality=80&sig=-kPmH3Dyl80NxHpJpNngbA, https:\/\/smartcdn.gprod.postmedia.digital\/financialpost\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/no0319trump.jpg?h=192&strip=all&quality=80&sig=E-JfvK53k5cY6f7ammzewA 2x,\n                                             https:\/\/smartcdn.gprod.postmedia.digital\/financialpost\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/no0319trump.jpg?h=288&strip=all&quality=80&sig=wZ8wwzGc8doMUjeDS1etjw 3x\" class=\"lazyload\" height=\"96\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"96\"\/><\/picture>\n<p><span class=\"more-topic__item-text-clamp\">Canada ignored the warning signs that the U.S. was changing<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-evt-val=\"{\" control_fields=\"\" fight=\"\" trump=\"\" with=\"\" trumpism=\"\" data-carousel-item=\"\" data-evt=\"click\" data-evt-typ=\"click\"> <picture class=\"more-topic__item-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/ywAAAAAAQABAAACAUwAOw==\" fifu-lazy=\"1\" fifu-data-sizes=\"auto\" fifu-data-srcset=\"https:\/\/i2.wp.com\/smartcdn.gprod.postmedia.digital\/nationalpost\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Trump-1.jpg?h=96&strip=all&quality=5&sig=GZgvaV9dQ_Yaoby5YVI1sA&ssl=1&w=75&resize=75&ssl=1 75w, https:\/\/i2.wp.com\/smartcdn.gprod.postmedia.digital\/nationalpost\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Trump-1.jpg?h=96&strip=all&quality=5&sig=GZgvaV9dQ_Yaoby5YVI1sA&ssl=1&w=100&resize=100&ssl=1 100w, https:\/\/i2.wp.com\/smartcdn.gprod.postmedia.digital\/nationalpost\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Trump-1.jpg?h=96&strip=all&quality=5&sig=GZgvaV9dQ_Yaoby5YVI1sA&ssl=1&w=150&resize=150&ssl=1 150w, https:\/\/i2.wp.com\/smartcdn.gprod.postmedia.digital\/nationalpost\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Trump-1.jpg?h=96&strip=all&quality=5&sig=GZgvaV9dQ_Yaoby5YVI1sA&ssl=1&w=240&resize=240&ssl=1 240w, 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https:\/\/i2.wp.com\/smartcdn.gprod.postmedia.digital\/nationalpost\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Trump-1.jpg?h=96&strip=all&quality=5&sig=GZgvaV9dQ_Yaoby5YVI1sA&ssl=1&w=1280&resize=1280&ssl=1 1280w, https:\/\/i2.wp.com\/smartcdn.gprod.postmedia.digital\/nationalpost\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Trump-1.jpg?h=96&strip=all&quality=5&sig=GZgvaV9dQ_Yaoby5YVI1sA&ssl=1&w=1600&resize=1600&ssl=1 1600w\" alt=\"U.S. President Donald Trump visits the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts in Washington, Monday, March 17, 2025.\" data-src=\"https:\/\/smartcdn.gprod.postmedia.digital\/nationalpost\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Trump-1.jpg?h=96&strip=all&quality=80&sig=0gknmvn-cWwx0aIGi-1W0A\" fifu-data-src=\"https:\/\/i2.wp.com\/smartcdn.gprod.postmedia.digital\/nationalpost\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Trump-1.jpg?h=96&strip=all&quality=5&sig=GZgvaV9dQ_Yaoby5YVI1sA&ssl=1\" srcset=\"https:\/\/smartcdn.gprod.postmedia.digital\/nationalpost\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Trump-1.jpg?h=96&strip=all&quality=80&sig=0gknmvn-cWwx0aIGi-1W0A, https:\/\/smartcdn.gprod.postmedia.digital\/nationalpost\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Trump-1.jpg?h=192&strip=all&quality=80&sig=PL45un5KBPO4k7-AIWDAoA 2x,\n                                             https:\/\/smartcdn.gprod.postmedia.digital\/nationalpost\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Trump-1.jpg?h=288&strip=all&quality=80&sig=yy6S-vppBfLWifuaRu_eFw 3x\" class=\"lazyload\" height=\"96\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"96\"\/><\/picture>\n<p><span class=\"more-topic__item-text-clamp\">Don\u2019t fight Trump with Trumpism<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-evt-val=\"{\" control_fields=\"\" has=\"\" to=\"\" find=\"\" a=\"\" way=\"\" save=\"\" the=\"\" furniture=\"\" says=\"\" trade=\"\" lawyer=\"\" data-carousel-item=\"\" data-evt=\"click\" data-evt-typ=\"click\"> <picture class=\"more-topic__item-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/ywAAAAAAQABAAACAUwAOw==\" fifu-lazy=\"1\" fifu-data-sizes=\"auto\" fifu-data-srcset=\"https:\/\/i3.wp.com\/smartcdn.gprod.postmedia.digital\/financialpost\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/no0317usmca.jpg?h=96&strip=all&quality=5&sig=Dju1bRvQAKcNtOoygZ7N4Q&ssl=1&w=75&resize=75&ssl=1 75w, https:\/\/i3.wp.com\/smartcdn.gprod.postmedia.digital\/financialpost\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/no0317usmca.jpg?h=96&strip=all&quality=5&sig=Dju1bRvQAKcNtOoygZ7N4Q&ssl=1&w=100&resize=100&ssl=1 100w, https:\/\/i3.wp.com\/smartcdn.gprod.postmedia.digital\/financialpost\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/no0317usmca.jpg?h=96&strip=all&quality=5&sig=Dju1bRvQAKcNtOoygZ7N4Q&ssl=1&w=150&resize=150&ssl=1 150w, https:\/\/i3.wp.com\/smartcdn.gprod.postmedia.digital\/financialpost\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/no0317usmca.jpg?h=96&strip=all&quality=5&sig=Dju1bRvQAKcNtOoygZ7N4Q&ssl=1&w=240&resize=240&ssl=1 240w, https:\/\/i3.wp.com\/smartcdn.gprod.postmedia.digital\/financialpost\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/no0317usmca.jpg?h=96&strip=all&quality=5&sig=Dju1bRvQAKcNtOoygZ7N4Q&ssl=1&w=320&resize=320&ssl=1 320w, https:\/\/i3.wp.com\/smartcdn.gprod.postmedia.digital\/financialpost\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/no0317usmca.jpg?h=96&strip=all&quality=5&sig=Dju1bRvQAKcNtOoygZ7N4Q&ssl=1&w=500&resize=500&ssl=1 500w, https:\/\/i3.wp.com\/smartcdn.gprod.postmedia.digital\/financialpost\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/no0317usmca.jpg?h=96&strip=all&quality=5&sig=Dju1bRvQAKcNtOoygZ7N4Q&ssl=1&w=640&resize=640&ssl=1 640w, https:\/\/i3.wp.com\/smartcdn.gprod.postmedia.digital\/financialpost\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/no0317usmca.jpg?h=96&strip=all&quality=5&sig=Dju1bRvQAKcNtOoygZ7N4Q&ssl=1&w=800&resize=800&ssl=1 800w, https:\/\/i3.wp.com\/smartcdn.gprod.postmedia.digital\/financialpost\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/no0317usmca.jpg?h=96&strip=all&quality=5&sig=Dju1bRvQAKcNtOoygZ7N4Q&ssl=1&w=1024&resize=1024&ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i3.wp.com\/smartcdn.gprod.postmedia.digital\/financialpost\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/no0317usmca.jpg?h=96&strip=all&quality=5&sig=Dju1bRvQAKcNtOoygZ7N4Q&ssl=1&w=1280&resize=1280&ssl=1 1280w, https:\/\/i3.wp.com\/smartcdn.gprod.postmedia.digital\/financialpost\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/no0317usmca.jpg?h=96&strip=all&quality=5&sig=Dju1bRvQAKcNtOoygZ7N4Q&ssl=1&w=1600&resize=1600&ssl=1 1600w\" alt=\"Canada, United States and Mexico flags.\" data-src=\"https:\/\/smartcdn.gprod.postmedia.digital\/financialpost\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/no0317usmca.jpg?h=96&strip=all&quality=80&sig=vjQWVtYcXgvDy7IdZ3DHPw\" fifu-data-src=\"https:\/\/i3.wp.com\/smartcdn.gprod.postmedia.digital\/financialpost\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/no0317usmca.jpg?h=96&strip=all&quality=5&sig=Dju1bRvQAKcNtOoygZ7N4Q&ssl=1\" srcset=\"https:\/\/smartcdn.gprod.postmedia.digital\/financialpost\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/no0317usmca.jpg?h=96&strip=all&quality=80&sig=vjQWVtYcXgvDy7IdZ3DHPw, https:\/\/smartcdn.gprod.postmedia.digital\/financialpost\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/no0317usmca.jpg?h=192&strip=all&quality=80&sig=t-RzOd7ir1nQeKwa-Mvlbg 2x,\n                                             https:\/\/smartcdn.gprod.postmedia.digital\/financialpost\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/no0317usmca.jpg?h=288&strip=all&quality=80&sig=38pruyWvTsCHKqwi_hKSXQ 3x\" class=\"lazyload\" height=\"96\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"96\"\/><\/picture>\n<p><span class=\"more-topic__item-text-clamp\">&#8216;Canada has to find a way to save the furniture,&#8217; says trade lawyer<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><button aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"more-topic__button-next\" data-carousel-next=\"\" tabindex=\"-1\" title=\"next\" type=\"button\"\/><\/section>\n<p>Given the heightened rhetoric, it seems possible that more fundamental changes to the deal could be coming sooner. This week, Prime Minister Mark Carney told reporters during a visit to Iqaluit on March 18 that the trade war has \u201ccalled into the question the validity\u201d of CUSMA and that Canada needs to have a \u201cbroader conversation about our commercial relationship\u201d with the U.S.<\/p>\n<p><span aria-label=\"\" class=\"c-mrkdwn__br\" data-stringify-type=\"paragraph-break\"\/>CUSMA includes a provision that a country can withdraw from the agreement by providing written notice to the other parties. The withdrawal takes effect six months after the written notice, but CUSMA would remain in force for the remaining parties.<\/p>\n<p><em>\u2014With files from Yvonne Lau<\/em><\/p>\n<p data-async=\"\"><em><strong>Bookmark our website and support our journalism:<\/strong> Don\u2019t miss the business news you need to know \u2014 add financialpost.com to your bookmarks and sign up for our newsletters here.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"article-content__content-group article-content__content-group--story\">\n<p>Article content<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"article-content__share-group article-delimiter\" data-evt-val=\"{\" control_fields=\"\" data-evt-typ=\"page_scroll\">\n<p>Share this article in your social network<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n\n<br \/>Front lines of the trade war: what\u2019s exempt, what\u2019s to come<\/a><br \/>\n<br \/>2025-03-20 14:56:13<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Breadcrumb Trail Links News Economy Given the heightened rhetoric, it seems possible that more fundamental changes to CUSMA could be coming sooner Published Mar 20, 2025 \u00a0\u2022\u00a0 Last updated 1\u00a0hour&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":57630,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"fifu_image_url":"https:\/\/smartcdn.gprod.postmedia.digital\/financialpost\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/0321-mg-cusma.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&w=288&h=216&sig=cgtu8ixv3ndnCOVhas2_IA","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[31],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-57629","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-economy"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pantheregroup.com\/api\/wp\/v2\/posts\/57629","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pantheregroup.com\/api\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pantheregroup.com\/api\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pantheregroup.com\/api\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pantheregroup.com\/api\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=57629"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.pantheregroup.com\/api\/wp\/v2\/posts\/57629\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pantheregroup.com\/api\/wp\/v2\/media\/57630"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pantheregroup.com\/api\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=57629"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pantheregroup.com\/api\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=57629"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pantheregroup.com\/api\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=57629"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}